Witnessing someone have a seizure can be a frightening and overwhelming experience, especially if it happens unexpectedly. The sudden movements, loss of awareness, or even collapse may seem alarming, but knowing how to react calmly and correctly is critical. Seizures can happen due to epilepsy, head injuries, high fevers, or other medical conditions, and each situation requires care tailored to the person’s needs. While seizures often pass independently, immediate assistance ensures safety during and after the event. Being prepared to respond thoughtfully can make a major difference in the person’s recovery and emotional reassurance.
Keeping the person safe and calm during the seizure
- Understanding What Happens During a Seizure
It’s helpful to understand what actually occurs to respond effectively to a seizure. Seizures result from a sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain, affecting movement, awareness, and behavior. Some people experience convulsions, where the body stiffens and jerks uncontrollably, while others may briefly stare blankly or perform repetitive motions. These episodes typically last from a few seconds to a few minutes. It’s important not to panic or assume the worst—many seizures are temporary and do not require emergency medical treatment unless they last longer than five minutes or happen in succession. Remaining composed and observant is key. Your role is not to stop the seizure but to ensure the environment is safe. Gently guiding the person to the ground, moving objects out of the way, and cushioning their head can help prevent injury. Those who have completed first aid/CPR training are often better equipped to stay calm and provide this care without hesitation, understanding that their actions can help reduce harm.
- Avoiding Common Mistakes and Taking Protective Steps
When someone is having a seizure, instinct may lead people to act in ways that can be more harmful than helpful. One of the most widespread myths is that you should try to restrain the person or put something in their mouth to prevent tongue swallowing. Both actions are dangerous and can cause injury. The tongue will not be swallowed, and attempting to hold the person down may result in broken bones or further trauma. Instead, focus on protecting the individual from external harm—clear sharp objects from the area, support their head with a soft object, and gently turn them on their side if possible to help keep their airway clear. Stay close without crowding them, and speak calmly even if they are unaware. Keeping track of the seizure duration can provide critical information to emergency responders later. Once the seizure ends, help the person reorient themselves and offer comfort without rushing or overwhelming them with questions.
- Knowing When to Call for Medical Help
Although many seizures resolve without medical intervention, there are specific scenarios when calling emergency services is necessary. If the person has never had a seizure before, if the seizure lasts more than five minutes, or if they do not regain consciousness quickly, professional help should be summoned. Other warning signs include injury during the seizure, difficulty breathing afterward, or multiple seizures occurring back to back. Additionally, if the person is pregnant, diabetic, or in water at the time of the seizure, extra caution is warranted. When calling for help, provide accurate information, such as how long the seizure lasted and any unusual symptoms observed. Stay with the person until help arrives, continuing to monitor their breathing and level of awareness. Even if the seizure seems to have passed, they may feel weak, confused, or frightened. Offering calm reassurance and a quiet space for recovery helps ease the transition back to normalcy and signals that they are safe and supported.
- Caring for the Person After the Seizure Ends
Once the seizure has stopped, the individual may go through a postictal phase—a recovery period that includes confusion, drowsiness, or emotional distress. They might not remember what happened or may have lost bladder control, which can be embarrassing and upsetting. Allow them time to rest in a safe, comfortable position and avoid pressuring them to talk or stand until they are fully alert. If they wish to sleep, monitor them for any signs of continued distress. Offering a cool cloth or water, once they are fully conscious, can help with comfort. This is also a good time to document what happened, especially if the person has epilepsy and needs to share details with their healthcare provider. Your presence and patience play a big part in helping them feel grounded again. Letting them know what you saw, gently and without alarm, helps fill in the gaps and supports their ability to manage future episodes.
- Educating Families and Communities on Seizure Response
Promoting awareness of how to respond to seizures can transform how people act when faced with such emergencies. Many individuals with seizure disorders live in fear of how others might react if they have an episode in public. Teaching basic seizure first aid in schools, workplaces, and community centers helps reduce stigma and empowers more people to act confidently. Children can be taught to alert adults, remove nearby hazards, or seek help without panic. Employers can ensure that staff members understand proper response protocols. Families who have a member living with epilepsy or another condition that causes seizures should have a plan in place, including clear instructions for babysitters, teachers, and friends. Normalizing conversations around seizures also creates emotional safety, reminding those affected that they are not alone and that others know how to help. The goal is not to fear seizures, but to be prepared and caring about how we respond.
Responding to a seizure calmly and informedly can make a lasting difference for someone in need. Rather than attempting to control the event, your role is to ensure safety, reduce harm, and provide comfort during recovery. Understanding what seizures look like, how to assist without causing injury, and when to seek medical attention gives you the tools to be dependable in those critical moments. With more awareness and education, families and communities can build a support network that empowers individuals living with seizure disorders. Preparedness, empathy, and patience make all the difference in how these moments are experienced and remembered.
